Características clínico-patológicas de pacientes jóvenes con cáncer de mama en un centro oncológico en Medellín / Clinical and pathological characteristics of young patients with breast cancer at a cancer center in Medellin

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la principal neoplasia en mujeres y se ha reportado un aumento de la incidencia en jóvenes menores a 40 años. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas y patológicas, de pacientes con cáncer de mama invasor, ≤40 años, atendidas en un centro de referencia oncológico en Medellín-Colombia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal, realizado en la Clínica Vida (Fundación Colombiana de Cancerología), en el período enero del 2015 a diciembre del 2019. La muestra fue no probabilística, de pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico de cáncer de mama invasor. Se registró edad, tipo de cáncer, antecedentes familiares, recidivas y mortalidad. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De 2332 casos de nuevos de cáncer de mama invasor, 261 se identificaron en mujeres ≤ 40 años, 11.19 % (IC 95 % 11.17-11.22 %), edad de 34.2 ± 4 años. 16.5 % en menores de 30 años, 40.2 % en edad de 30 a 45 años y 42.2 % en mujeres de 35 a 40 años. La presentación principal fue masa palpable auto detectada. El subtipo molecular Luminal A 16 %, Luminal B 48.3 %, Her2 enriquecido 11.2 % y Triple negativo 21.6 %. El 27 % tuvo algún antecedente familiar. La recidiva fue del 14 % y la mortalidad del 14.9 %. Conclusión: El 11 % de pacientes con cáncer de mama en esta serie corresponde a mujeres jóvenes, con una presentación en estadios más avanzados y biología molecular desfavorable, lo cual requirió un manejo más agresivo y radical. Esto resalta la importancia del diagnóstico oportuno en pacientes de lesiones mamarias en mujeres jóvenes.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the main neoplasm in women, and an increased incidence has been reported in young people under 40 years of age. The objective of the present study was to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with invasive breast cancer, ≤40 years old, treated at a reference oncology center in Medellín-Colombia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out by the Vida Clinic (Colombian Cancer Foun-dation) from January 2015 to December 2019. The sample was nonprobabilistic of patients with an oncological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. Age, type of cancer, family history, recurrence, and mortality were recorded. Descriptive statistics are used. Results: Of 2332 cases of new invasive breast cancer, 261 were identified in women ≤ 40 years, 11.19% (95% CI 11.17-11.22%), age 34.2±4 years. 16.5% in those under 30 years of age, 40.2% in women between 30 and 45 years of age, and 42.2% in women between 35 and 40 years of age. The main presentation was a self-detected palpable mass. The molecular subtypes luminal A 16%, luminal B 48.3%, Her2 enriched 11.2%, and triple-negative 21.6%. A total of 27% had a family history. Recurrence was 14%, and mortality was 14.9%. Conclusion: Eleven percent of patients with breast cancer in this series were young women, with a presentation in more advanced stages and unfavorable molecular biology, which requires more aggressive and radical management. This highlights the importance of timely diagnosis in young women with breast injuries.

Caracterización clínica y terapéutica del cáncer de mama, en mujeres mayores, atendidas en un centro oncológico de Medellín ­ Colombia / Clinical and therapeutic characterization of breast cancer, in older women, attended in a cancer center in Medellin ­ Colombia

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuente en las mujeres colombianas y más de la mitad de la incidencia la aportan las adultas mayores de 60 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar clínicamente a un grupo de pacientes ≥ 65 años, con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama primario. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de 188 pacientes con edad ≥ 65 años, con cáncer de mama primario, atendidas en la Fundación Colombiana de Cancerología ­ Clínica Vida, entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2018. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de datos sociodemográficos, comorbilidades, características de la enfermedad y tratamiento. Resultados: La población estudiada (188) presentó una edad promedio de 73 años y en el 79.8% de ellas se reportó al menos una comorbilidad. El 76.6% tuvo enfermedad con receptor hormonal positivo. El manejo primario con cirugía se hizo en el 58.5% de las pacientes, y la mayoría fueron procedimientos conservadores de la mama (70.9%). Conclusión: Las mujeres adultas mayores tienen características del cáncer de mama que pueden diferir de las pacientes jóvenes e influir en el tratamiento que se ofrece, impactando en su pronóstico oncológico, en el pronóstico de sus comorbilidades y en la calidad de vida.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in Colombian women and more than half of the incidence is contributed by adults over 60 years of age. The objective of this study was to clinically characterize a group of patients ≥ 65 years of age, diagnosed with primary breast cancer. Methodology: Descriptive study of 188 patients aged ≥ 65 years, with primary breast cancer, treated at the Colombian Cancer Foundation - Clínica Vida, between January 2017 and December 2018. A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic data, comorbidities, characteristics of the disease and treatment. Results: The studied population (188) had an average age of 73 years and in 79.8% of them at least one comorbidity was reported. 76.6% had hormone receptor positive disease. The primary manage-ment with surgery was done in 58.5% of the patients, and the majority were breast-conserving proce-dures (70.9%). Conclusion: Older women have characteristics of breast cancer that may differ from young pa-tients. This may influence the treatment offered, impacting on their oncological prognosis, on the prognosis of their comorbidities and on the quality of life.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento multidisciplinario de melanoma temprano y localmente avanzado. Consenso de expertos. Asociación Colombiana de Hematología y Oncología (ACHO) / Diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of early-stage and locally advanced melanoma: Expert consensus, Colombian Association of Hemato-Oncology (ACHO)

Resumen Introducción: El melanoma ocasiona el 75% de las muertes por cáncer de piel. Según GLOBOCAN, en 2018 se presentaron 287.723 casos nuevos de melanoma, con una mortalidad de 60.712 casos, que equivale al 20% del total de los casos incidentes. Las alternativas para el tratamiento del melanoma se fundamentan en la estatificación de la enfermedad, y en las características moleculares de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Consensuar, por común acuerdo de expertos, sugerencias para el diagnóstico y manejo de melanoma temprano basadas en la evidencia y ajustadas al contexto colombiano. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un consenso de expertos multidisciplinario, constituido por 19 oncólogos clínicos, 2 cirujanos de mama y tejidos blandos, 2 dermatólogos, 2 patólogos y 2 radioterapeutas, miembros activos de la Asociación Colombiana de Hemato Oncología (ACHO). Este consenso se realizó en 4 etapas: 1. Estructuración de 29 preguntas, que se calificaron de 1 a 9. 2. Reenvío de las preguntas no consensuadas. 3. Análisis y discusión de las respuestas. 4. Las respuestas no consensuadas se llevaron a un consenso nominal. Resultados: Se discutieron 29 preguntas relacionadas con el diagnóstico y tratamiento de melanoma temprano, se construyeron sugerencias basadas en evidencia utilizada por los expertos y en guías de manejo de oncología reconocidas internacionalmente, adaptadas al contexto y realidad colombianos. Conclusiones: Se presentan sugerencias multidisciplinarias para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de melanoma temprano, las cuales debe considerarse para orientar la toma de decisiones y homogenizar la práctica clínica de acuerdo al contexto colombiano y a las características propias del sistema de salud del país. Este es un documento académico y no regulatorio.

Abstract Introduction: Melanoma causes 75% of deaths from skin cancer. In 2018, according to GLOBOCAN, 287,723 new melanoma cases were registered, with a mortality of 60,712 cases, which is equivalent to 20% of all incident cases. Alternatives for the treatment of melanoma are based on disease staging and the molecular characteristics of the disease. Objective: To establish a consensus by common agreement of experts and construct suggestions for the diagnosis and management of early-stage melanoma based on evidence and adjusted to the Colombian context. Methods: A multidisciplinary expert consensus was established, wth the participation of 19 clinical oncologists, 2 soft tissue surgeons, 2 dermatologists, 2 pathologists, and 2 radiotherapists, active members of the Colombian Association of Hemato-Oncology (ACHO). This consensus was carried out in four stages: 1) Structuring of 29 questions, which were scored from 1 to 9; 2) Resubmission of non-consensual questions; 3) Analysis and discussion of responses; and 4) Validation of non-consensual responses by nominal consensus. Results: Twenty-nine questions related to the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage melanoma were discussed in order to construct suggestions based on evidence proven by experts, as well as on internationally recognized oncology management guidelines adapted to the Colombian context and reality. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary suggestions are offered for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage melanoma, which should be considered in order to guide decision-making and homogenize clinical practice according to the Colombian context and the characteristics of the Colombian health care system. This is an academic and non-regulatory document.

A Classic Presentation of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignancy, of uncertain differentiation, which more commonly affects adolescents and young adult males; it usually has an intra-abdominal location. We describe the case of a 35-year-old male who presented initially with occasional abdominal pain, and subsequently with abdominal mass sensation, without any other associated symptoms. Imaging studies reported an intra-abdominal mass located in mesogastrium, right hypochondrium, and right lumbar region, without clear evidence of infiltration to secondary structures, but with clear peritoneal spread to greater omentum and pelvis. Definitive diagnosis of DSRCT is based on histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Standard treatment includes intensive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical cytoreduction, and radiotherapy. Despite this multidisciplinary approach, DSRCT has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate at five years.

Tall Cell Carcinoma With Reversed Polarity of the Breast.

Tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) of the breast is a rare entity with low potential for malignancy that exhibits some morphological similarities to the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and molecular studies help establish the mammary origin of this neoplasm. Here, we describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with a finding of a nodular lesion during a screening mammogram, whose morphological findings and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of papillary high cell carcinoma with the reverse polarity of the mammary gland.

Response of Leptomeningeal Metastases in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Afatinib in the Absence of Radiotherapy.

Palliative radiotherapy is currently the medical standard of care for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with symptomatic CNS and leptomeningeal disease. We report the case of a 62-year-old male patient with EGFR mutation (del19+) NSLC with symptomatic lymph node, bone, CNS, and leptomeningeal metastases. Taking into account on one hand the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and on the other hand the short- to medium-term side effects of radiotherapy and the lack of timely availability in our healthcare system, the patient was treated with afatinib (40 mg daily) and exhibited a rapid response with improvement of neurological symptoms. The patient presented partial response of extracranial, CNS, and leptomeningeal lesions at 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment, currently completing 16 months of progression-free survival despite presenting mild dermatological and gastrointestinal toxicities. Afatinib is an effective and safe option in patients with NSLC EGFR mutation del19+ with CNS and leptomeningeal compromise avoiding or delaying radiotherapy and its side effects, especially in countries where there is a lack of access to this kind of therapy.

Synchronous Ovarian and Breast Cancers with a Novel Variant in BRCA2 Gene: A Case Report.

We report a case of a 52-year-old female with a family history of pancreatic and colon cancers who presented with a right breast mass positive for high-grade medullar carcinoma with triple-negative biomolecular profile. Further workup was performed finding a left ovarian mass. The patient underwent laparotomy performing optimal cytoreduction on bilateral ovarian tumors; the pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed bilateral ovary adenocarcinoma with positive peritoneal malignancy. Due to her synchronic breast and ovarian cancers, a genetic profile was performed detecting a new pathogenic variant in the BRCA2 gene: c.3606_3607del (p.Ser1203Cysfs). She was given chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel obtaining complete clinical response. Regarding her breast cancer, she had a right modified radical mastectomy and prophylactic left mastectomy obtaining complete clinical response. This case presents with an unusual subtype and difficult histologic diagnosis of a synchronic medullar breast cancer and ovary carcinoma associated with a new mutation of the BRCA2 gene.